Child labor Essay

Youngsters are the eventual fate of the country. They are blossoms of our national nursery. It is our obligation to ensure these blossoms. Kid work is a financial issue. Kid work is definitely not another wonder in India. From antiquated occasions, kids were required to accomplish some work either at home or in the field alongside their folks. Be that as it may, we find in Manusmriti and Arthashastra that the ruler made instruction for each youngster, kid or young lady, obligatory. In those days there was an arrangement of exchange of youngsters, who were bought and changed over to slaves by certain individuals. The issue of youngster work was recognized as a significant issue in the nineteenth century when the main production line was begun in mid-nineteenth century. Authoritative measures were first embraced as ahead of schedule as 1881. Since autonomy there have been a few laws and guidelines with respect to youngster work. Kid work has been characterized as any work done by the kids so as to monetarily benefits their family or themselves straightforwardly or in a roundabout way, at the expense of their physical, mental or social turn of events. Kid is the loveliest formation of nature. However, it is the conditions which drive them to hard work. They need to procure business from youth, halting their psychological turn of events. The country endures an overal deficit of their ability as develop grown-ups. Kid work is a worldwide issue. It is increasingly normal in immature nations. Youngster work, all things considered, is an issue of poor and penniless families, where guardians can't manage the cost of instruction of their kids. They need to rely upon the winning of their kids. The predominance of youngster work is a smear on society. It is a national disrespect that a large number of youngsters in this nation need to spend a significant piece of their every day schedule in dangerous works. The issue of kid work in India is the consequence of conventional mentalities, urbanization, industrialisation, movement, absence of instruction, and so forth. Be that as it may, extraordinary neediness is the fundamental driver of youngster work. As per the UNICEF, India is said to have the biggest number of world’s working kids. Over 90% of them live in provincial territories. The cooperation rate in provincial urban regions isâ 6.3% and 2.5% separately. As indicated by an ongoing report, 17 million kids in our nation are occupied with procuring their business. This establishes 5% of the all out youngster populace of the country. It is around 33% of the complete youngster workers of the world. In India, working youngsters are occupied with various sorted out and sloppy segments, both rustic and urban regions. In rustic area, kids are occupied with field manors, local employments, ranger service, angling and cabin industry. In urban segment they are utilized at houses, shops, cafés, little and enormous ventures, transport, correspondence, carports, and so on. In India, working youngsters are likewise independently employed as paper, milk young men, shoeshine young men, cloth pickers, cart pullers, and so forth. About 78.71% of youngster laborers are occupied with development and horticulture, 6.3% are utilized in angling, chasing and estate, 8.63% in assembling, handling, fixes, house industry, and so forth., 3.21% in development, transport, stockpiling, correspondence and exchange and 3.15% in different administrations. Kid Labor is misused in a few different ways. Inclination of youngster work by numerous businesses is principally because of the way that it is modest, safe and with no risk. Numerous kids take up the activity on account of the non-accessibility of schools in their regions and in this way as opposed to sitting inactive, they want to go to work. Absence of education and numbness of guardians is additionally a significant factor. These guardians don't consider kid work as shrewd. Youngster workers need to work more than grown-up laborers. They are abused by their bosses. There are a few sacred and lawful arrangements to secure working youngsters. At present there are 14 significant acts and laws that give legitimate assurance to the working kids. In any case, the shades of malice of kid work is on the expansion. The greatest reason behind its spread is destitution. It can't be totally killed from society except if its main driver isn't tended to. Kid work sustains destitution. Kid work is financially unsound, mentally terrible and morally off-base. It ought to be carefully restricted. The general improvement in financial states of individuals will bring about slow disposal of kid work.

Free Essays on Delighting the Customer

Charming THE CUSTOMER: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Pleasure comes about because of surpassing the desires for fulfilled clients. Meeting just current needs â€Å"locks us into the present† (â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Beyond†, The Drucker Magazine, Spring 1995) however to move past the limit of fulfillment, we should take advantage of the neglected and, maybe even, unheard of requirements of the client. The main key that can open this entryway to charm is another perspective and working. For a few of us keeping up or meeting the continually changing ideal models might be sufficiently troublesome in any case, on the off chance that we wish to astound and, in this way, enchant, we should surpass the accompanying right now acknowledged norms of good assistance: Offering proactive types of assistance Knowing our own business Better advertising Over-conveying Following accepted procedures Beating the opposition Overseeing change We have been cautioned of the hazards of receptive assistance yet few understand the entanglements in the proactive methodology. Coming to past desires implies offering some benefit rich data not only conveying more than the client mentioned. Requests on clients are continually changing and to envision their necessities dependent on yesterday’s presumptions implies burning through significant time finding new data for the individuals who no longer need it. Consequently in the event that we mean to surpass desires, we should be set up to run nearby. Single direction contacts, regardless of whether receptive and proactive, must be enhanced by continuous intelligent or arranged correspondence. As opposed to viewing ourselves as â€Å"servants†, to stay side by side or one stride ahead, we have to shape organizations of equivalents. To find customers’ unexpected necessities we should not be substance to know just our own business or calling. As Davenport and Prusak exhort in their article â€Å"Blow Up the Corporate Library† (International Journal of Information Management, December 1993), we have to â€Å"get out of the library and... Free Essays on Delighting the Customer Free Essays on Delighting the Customer Charming THE CUSTOMER: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Pleasure comes about because of surpassing the desires for fulfilled clients. Meeting just current needs â€Å"locks us into the present† (â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Beyond†, The Drucker Magazine, Spring 1995) however to move past the edge of fulfillment, we should take advantage of the neglected and, maybe even, unheard of requirements of the client. The main key that can open this entryway to please is another perspective and working. For a few of us keeping up or meeting the continually changing ideal models might be sufficiently troublesome in any case, in the event that we wish to shock and, thusly, amuse, we should surpass the accompanying as of now acknowledged norms of good help: Offering proactive types of assistance Knowing our own business Better showcasing Over-conveying Following prescribed procedures Beating the opposition Overseeing change We have been cautioned of the dangers of receptive assistance however few understand the entanglements in the proactive methodology. Coming to past desires implies offering some benefit rich data not only conveying more than the client mentioned. Requests on clients are continually changing and to envision their necessities dependent on yesterday’s suspicions implies burning through significant time finding new data for the individuals who no longer need it. Accordingly on the off chance that we plan to surpass desires, we should be set up to run close by. Single direction contacts, regardless of whether receptive and proactive, must be enhanced by continuous intelligent or organized correspondence. As opposed to viewing ourselves as â€Å"servants†, to stay side by side or one stride ahead, we have to shape associations of equivalents. To find customers’ unforeseen requirements we should not be substance to know just our own business or calling. As Davenport and Prusak prompt in their article â€Å"Blow Up the Corporate Library† (International Journal of Information Management, December 1993), we have to â€Å"get out of the library and...

Financial aid news more

Financial aid news more A press release yesterday from MIT announced costs financial aid for the 2007-2008 school year. Here are some details: MIT has set tuition and fees for 2007-2008 and has budgeted an additional $7 million for financial aid enhancements, bringing its total undergraduate financial aid budget to $68 million, President Susan Hockfield announced. The world needs the kind of leaders and thinkers who graduate from MIT. By finding innovative ways to enhance our strong, entirely need-based financial aid program, we are ensuring that an MIT undergraduate education is affordable to all of our admitted students, without regard to their economic circumstances, Hockfield said. Tuition and fees for the upcoming academic year will increase 4.1 percent to $34,986, while undergraduate financial aid will increase 11.7 percent. Daniel Hastings, dean for undergraduate education, noted that the Institute has steadily increased financial aid over the past eight years. Our commitment to making MIT affordable for all who qualify for admission has been unfaltering. This year, as in seven previous years, MIT has increased funds available for financial aid by a factor greater than the increase in tuition. The result: The net price an average student or family pays for an undergraduate MIT education has actually dropped, Hastings said. Overall, the average MIT scholarship is more than $28,000, supported by endowed funds, gifts from alumni and general Institute funds. Sixty-four percent of undergraduates qualify for need-based financial aid. In 2006-2007, 23 percent of undergraduates pay no tuition, thanks to the Institutes financial aid program, Hockfield noted. Earlier today, I had a chance to (briefly) visit the kind folks in our Financial Aid Office, who, even as I write, are busily working on your financial aid packages. Im not sure which office is busier right now, Admissions or Financial Aid. Regardless, if you havent completed your financial aid application, please dont delay! (more instructions on appling for financial aid) As you may have read on our website, we plan to release regular action admissions decisions online on Saturday, March 17 (tentative; more details to come soon). We also plan (tentatively) to send out via postal mail both admissions decisions and financial aid packages the day before: Friday, March 16. So, regular action admits (who sent in all of their financial aid materials in a timely manner) should receive their financial aid packages with their admissions decision. Early action admits (who sent in all of their financial aid materials in a timely manner) will be mailed their packages at the same time. Were busily working towards admitting the Class of 2011! More news as the date draws nearer

Supply Chain Management ( Scm ) - 1151 Words

1. Introduction 1.1 What is Supply Chain Management (SCM) When we look around in a study room, we know everything is produced by different manufactories, but we do not know how the table or chair is produced from the row materials, and what the most efficient way through the manufacture process is. All these activities involved a term Supply Chain Management (SCM). The figure 1 shows the entities involves in Supply Chain, namely the row materials, supplier, manufacturing, distribution, customer, and end-users. Figure 1. The entities in Supply Chain In the APICS dictionary, supply chain is defined as two meanings. (1) The process from the initial row materials to the ultimate consumption of the finished product linking across supplier-user companies. (2) The functions within and outside a company that enable the value chain to make products and provide services to the customer. As we can see in the Figure 2, the supply chain is the integrated network of all kinds of facilities and distribution options involves in transferring row materials to the intermediate and final products consumed by end customers. Different kinds of row material are provided by several suppliers to the manufactory. The manufactory is generally comprised with six part, namely Logistics, Purchasing, Production, R D, Finance, and Marketing Sales. The final product are sold to the end-customers directly or via the vendors. Moreover, there are two flows from top to button, production flow and financeShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management ( Scm )1992 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is a massive topic of interest and has been trending ever since the advent of globalisation. The global economy scenario generates a data which could be capitalised by analysing the data to increase supply chain presence, integration, track organisational performance and increase competitive advantage (Chae Olson, 2013). Furthermore, There are several systems that are developed to analyse the statically and qualitative to optimise the plan, acquisitionRead MoreSupply Chain Management ( Scm ) Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesTHE CORE ISSUES RELATED TO SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS, TO REDUCE THE EXTRA COSTS OF COMPANIES Introduction The topic of the research has been discussed that what actually supply chain management (SCM) is, where it is utilized and what its importance in a business are, and why it is necessary to go for a research in this field. Additionally, opinions of different authors has been given that how an organisation could reduce their costs on the basis of supply chain management and why should the managersRead MoreThe Supply Chain Management ( Scm )2108 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is one of the most important business components to help customers of Marks and Spencer fulfills their satisfaction. Fundamentally, supply chain components are consists of four main components, which are suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and customers. â€Å" Such developments clearly require supply chain cooperation and coordination â€Å" (Gustafsson et al, 2006) between each components of supply chain. Stock checking by human in the past is ineffective whenRead MoreThe Supply Chain Management ( Scm )1080 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking about the idea of Supply Chain Management (SCM) there are two core ideas that can be taken into account. Nearly every product that is obtained by a consumer is done so through the efforts of multiple companies working collaboratively. Secondly, many companies within these systems have historically been focused only on what role they play individually. SCM strives to bridge the gap between companies and organizations by providing effective management of supply chain activities in a way thatRead MoreImportance Of Supply Chain Management ( Scm ) Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesto inform all staff of the importance and resources of Supply Chain Management (SCM). An effective SCM design assists in the enhancement, profitability, and stakeholder value for the company. Potentially, increasing opportunity for employee advancements within the organization. Through research and analysis, the SCM consists of five drivers: †¢ Production †¢ Inventory †¢ Location †¢ Transportation †¢ Information (Maududi, May) The drivers are SCM fundamentals critical to an operative process. An organizationRead MoreImportance Of Supply Chain Management ( Scm )3206 Words   |  13 Pages The Importance of Supply Chain Management Term Research Paper Ryan Hibbs Dr. Stanton BUS 311 B 8 December 2014 Importance of Supply Chain Management The leading companies around the world utilize a new method of business coordination that gives them a competitive edge in the market. Supply chain management gives companies the power of that competitive edge. Supply chain management (SCM) is defined as including all the activities that must take place to the right product intoRead MoreSupply Chain Management Systems ( Scm ) Systems1776 Words   |  8 PagesSupply Chain Management Systems Supply chain management (SCM) systems have been a new and steady buzz word from late last century up to today. Large companies depend on SCM systems to reduce cost and increase revenue. This article explores the relevant use of SCM systems in today’s business world through different means of analysis, such as SCM performance, variables associated with cost and revenues, and business, supplier and customer relationships. It advocates for their use and provide quantitativeRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning (Erp) and Supply Chain Management (Scm) -Application in Retail Industry Supply Chain (Marks and Spencer)2349 Words   |  10 PagesAND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) -APPLICATION IN RETAIL INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN (MARKS AND SPENCER) ABSTRACT: This report examines Supply Chain Management (SCM) and how it enhances the supply chains in the Retail Industry. Also the report examines how the supply chain is a link of suppliers and buyers and customers in turn becoming supplier. The report examines the problems associated with the supply chain a major one which is bullwhip effect. This study focuses on how ERP and SCM workRead MoreReducing Complexity Levels Within Supply Chain Management1410 Words   |  6 PagesComplexity Levels Within Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) practitioners are often asked to discuss the top challenges they face in today’s business environment. Since change is constant, the challenges experienced today will at some point change over time. Over all, when taking into consideration all the challenges found in today’s SCM environment, one may wonder how it is possible to effectively and efficiently manage activities within a complex SCM. The answer lies withinRead MoreSuppliers And Supply Chain Management1580 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT #1:Suppliers and Supply chain management Submitted by Vishnu Gandhamaneni Student Id: 30129773 LECTURER TUTOR: Mr. Gopi Krishna Akella â€Æ' Table of content 1.Abstract 3 2.Introduction 3 3.Basic principles of SCM 4 4.Advantages of SCM 4 5.Problems on SCM 5 6.Solutions of SCM 5 7.Case study description 6 8.Conclusion 8 9.References 9â€Æ' A Complete Study of Suppliers and Supply Chain Management in E-Commerce Vishnu Gandhamaneni

Pennsylvania Vital Records - Births, Deaths Marriages

Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Pennsylvania, including the dates for which Pennsylvania vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Pennsylvania vital records databases. Pennsylvania Vital Records: Division of Vital RecordsState Department of HealthCentral Building101 South Mercer Street, Room 401P.O. Box 1528New Castle, PA 16101Phone: (724) 656-3100 What You Need to Know:Check or money order should be made payable to Division of Vital Records. Personal checks are accepted. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. All requests for 1906 and later records MUST include the signature and photo ID of the individual requesting the record. The online request service is not available for genealogy requests. Pennsylvania Birth Records Dates: From 1 January 1906 Cost of copy: $20.00 (certified from State Vital Records); $5.00 (non-certified from the State Archives) Comments: Access to Pennsylvania records of birth that occurred less than 105 years ago is restricted to immediate family members and legal representatives (spouse, parent, siblings, children, grandparents, grandchildren). Other family members (cousins, etc.) can obtain a copy of a birth certificate only if the individual is deceased and a copy of the death certificate is submitted with the request. Birth records older than 105 years are open to the public. With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the birth record being requested, date of birth, place of birth (city or county), fathers full name, (last, first, middle), mothers full name, including her maiden name, your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Certified Birth Certificate   Non-certified copies  of birth certificates  are only available for the years 1906—1909 and  of death certificates for the years 1906–1964. These can be obtained from the State Archives, not through State Vital Records * For earlier records, write to Register of Wills, Orphans Court, in the county seat of county where event occurred. Persons born in Pittsburgh from 1870 to 1905 or in Allegheny City, now part of Pittsburgh, from 1882 to 1905 should write to the Office of the Register of Wills for Allegheny County. For events occurring in the City of Philadelphia from 1860 to 1915, contact the City of Philadelphia Archives (be sure to ask for a non-certified, genealogy copy). Online:Pennsylvania Birth Records, 1906–1911  with images and index available as a subscription database on Ancestry.com; free to residents of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Birth Indices, 1906–1910 (free) Pennsylvania Death Records Dates: From 1 January 1906 Cost of copy: $9.00 (certified from State Vital Records); $5.00 (non-certified from the State Archives) Comments: Access to death records older than 50 years in Pennsylvania is restricted to immediate and extended family members and legal representatives. Records older than fifty years are open to the public and accessible through the Pennsylvania State Archives. With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the death record being requested, date of death, place of death (city or county), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Certified Death Certificate * For earlier records, write to Register of Wills, Orphans Court, in the county seat of county where event occurred. Persons who died in Pittsburgh from 1870 to 1905 or in Allegheny City, now part of Pittsburgh, from 1882 to 1905 should write to Office of the Register of Wills for Allegheny County. For events occurring in City of Philadelphia from 1860 to 1915, contact the City of Philadelphia Archives (be sure to ask for a non-certified, genealogy copy). Online:Pennsylvania Death Indices, 1906–1965  (free)Pittsburgh City Deaths, 1870–1905 Philadelphia City Death Certificates, 1803-1915 Pennsylvania Deaths 1852–1854  (Ancestry.com subscription required) -- available for 49 of 64 counties Pennsylvania Marriage Records Dates: Varies by county Cost of Copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Marriage License Clerk for the County Court House in the county where the marriage license was issued. Online:Pennsylvania County Marriages, 1885–1950Philadelphia Marriage Indexes, 1885-1951Record of Marriages, 1885–1891; incomplete listing from various PA counties (free) Pennsylvania Divorce Records Dates: Varies by county Cost of copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Prothonotary for the County Court House where the divorce decree was granted.

Conditioning Psychology Free Essays

Learning is an important skill that all organisms must acquire in order to survive or fall prey to Darwinism’s main idea of survival of the fittest. Learning is the long lasting effect of a change in behavior. This would constrict the application of learning conditioning to a few applications. We will write a custom essay sample on Conditioning: Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three most recognizable applications are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and learning by observation. Each type of learning is different, but uses similar ideas such as an unconditioned stimulus, which is usually food, and an unconditioned response, which food is associated with salivation and hunger. There are several ways that an individual can condition an organism to learn skills through three different applications of learning: classical, operant, and observation. The idea of classical condition is one of the most notable learning techniques because it involves a stimulus rewarded for a certain response. Naturally, animals and human have unconditioned stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response. The most common connection is the correlation between food and salivation. Food naturally draws organism to it in order to satisfy a drive created by hunger to acquire homeostasis. A response is created because of the organism’s reaction to food, which is usually salivation. Classical conditioning is considered an effective way to train an organism to learn habits not naturally associated with certain unconditioned stimulus. This creates a conditioned stimulus. The once unconditioned response is now conditioned to respond to the conditioned stimulus, which is called a conditioned stimulus. An example of conditioned stimulus and response is the example of associating the school bell with food. Children are hungry by nature, but when the school bell is added, the children are reinforced to associate the school bell with lunchtime. Classical conditioning is effective when trying the teach an organism a skills by rewarding the organism with a unconditioned stimulus. An individual could use classical conditioning to teach an organism to learn skills that could aid in their own survival such as teaching human to avert certain food because of taste. If one were being taught to avert away from sour tastes, the teachers would first use a food that was extremely sour. By using the person’s innate instinct of hunger, they would give the person a lemon to eat. This sour extremity would cause the person to avoid lemons. The teacher would continuously use this tactic until the person has acquired the skill of aversion of lemons. The learner would have an acquisition of the skill. The teacher would then condition the learner in a variable interval to constantly reinforce the skill. The learner would then avoid all lemons. This may cause the learner to generalize the concept of lemon, for example, the learner may generalize the yellow color to symbolize all sour products, such as generalizing bananas as being sour. The teacher would then have the obligation of teaching the person how to discriminate items, so that his aversion is just towards lemons. While classical conditioning involves the stimulus being rewarded to incur a response, operant conditioning deals with changing the occurrence and forms of behavior. The main different between operant conditioning and classical conditioning is the operant conditioning deals with modifying the learner’s voluntary behavior. Operant conditioning involve consequences to teach desired skills. There are two ways that operant conditioning works, through reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement comes in two flavors: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is the teacher adds something of pleasure to the learner’s behavior in order to get a certain skill. An example would be a mom allowing her child to play video games if the child put the trash outside. The mom uses the favorable stimulus, which is the video games, in order to achieve a behavior, which is taking out the trash, out of the child. There is also negative reinforcement, in which negative reinforcement is the teacher removing an aversive stimulus, which is usually seen as unpleasant, in order to increase the frequency of a certain behavior. For example, when someone wakes up early in the morning, they use an alarm clock to tell them when to wake up. When the alarm clock is activated, it sends a signal, which is usually an annoying buzzing noise, to the learner that it is time to wake up. To reinforce the behavior of waking up, the learner must get up from bed to turn off the aversive stimulus. Reinforcements are consequences of reinforcing favorable behaviors. Punishments, on the other hand, are consequences in which the teacher tries to reduce the frequency of unfavorable behaviors. As with reinforcements, there are also positive and negative punishments. Positive punishment refers to occurred behavior followed by aversive stimulation, such as shock. An example of positive punishment would be if a child had talked negative to the mom, and the mom would respond with a slap on the wrist in order to lessen the frequency of such behavior. Negative punishment, on the other hand, is the removal of a pleasurable stimulus after the occurrence of an undesirable behavior. As with the example of the mom, and the child taking out the trash, if the children had not taken out the trash, the mom would instead take away the video games to lessen the frequency of not taking out the trash. The problem with punishment is that it may cause the learner to demonstrate bad behavior in response to the punishment through responses of fear or anger, rather than lessen the occurrence of the aversive behavior. Operant conditioning is more effective using reinforcements than punishment. However, using both facets successfully is the most effective way. An individual could teach another through operant conditioning if one would like to change a voluntary behavior in another. The teacher would have to use reinforcements to reinforce the desired behavior from the learner. For example, if the individual wanted the learner to wash the dishes after eating, the individual would have to give an incentive to the learner in order for the behavior to continue, such as letting a child play video games after completing his chores. The continuous stimulation by the positive reinforcement would allow the learner to associate good behavior with pleasurable activities. Once the learner has acquired the behavior, the learner may generalize the behavior to include doing all his chores in order to gain the positive reinforcement. The teacher would use punishment sparingly to lessen the frequency of aversive behavior such a taking away the video games. The way that an individual could instruct an organism to acquire a skill is through observable learning. Observable learning is the observations made by the learner through the actions of the teacher in order to create a skill, or change a behavior. Observational learning is the most commonly used tactic. It allows the learner to learn a skill without reward or consequences. The learner learns through observing the teacher and then imitating the actions of the teacher. This is a more common tactic to teach child skills that are learned and reinforced throughout their adulthood, such as table manners. The individual could teach an organism how to do a skill through observational learning. The individual would do an act that is observed by the learner, and they would have the learner imitate the actions. For example, a mother would like to teach her child table manners. She would demonstrate proper table manners to the child. She would then have the child repeat and imitate her actions. Once the child has acquired that knowledge, the mom would continuously reinforce the behavior. The child would learn table manners without much need for punishment or reinforcers. The way that observational learning works, some may categorized observational learning as operant conditioning because it usually involves changing behaviors. The individual could use these three conditioning techniques in conjunction with each other, in combination with them, or separately. Either way, these techniques, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational leanring, are the effective way to show an organism how to learn skills. How to cite Conditioning: Psychology, Papers

Ethics and Governance

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Governance. Answer: Introduction: The act of generalizing facts is a problematic situation and it varies from one organization to the other. The corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not only concerned with the contribution of money, but it also deals with the involvement in activities that bring positive outcomes in the lives of the people (Bondy Moon and Matten 2012). The corporate social responsibility implies that the organizations have certain duties towards the society such as ethical, moral and philanthropic (Bondy Moon and Matten 2012). In this modern day, however, the ethical considerations of CSR have ceased to exist. The profit motive of the firm has gained prominence and the act of CSR is only a medium for doing so. This does not imply that all the organizations are adopting unethical measures, however, the true meaning of CSR is lost somewhere. This paper aims to explore the crucial question of whether CSR concerns about ethics or it is only concerned about profit making of the organization. Discussion The economic, ethical, philanthropic, moral and legal expectations of the society from an organization at a particular point of time are known as corporate social responsibility. The organizations need to implement a broad range of responsibilities and not only stakeholders. They need to involve the employees, customers, suppliers, environmental groups, local community and federal governments in the process of CSR. The stakeholders theory states that the organizations need to take care of the stakeholders (Wang and Jiang 2013). This theory also states the importance of values and morales as an important role for the management of the organizations (Wang and Jiang 2013). The essence of CSR involves various critical discussions. It is often said that the organizations are keen on increasing their long term profits with then help of CSR. It is also said that it distracts the organization from fulfilling its economic role. It is also argued that CSR has a neutral effect on the financial impact of the organization. The primary purpose of CSR is to improve the brand image of the organizations (Lee Park and Lee 2013). The consumers are most likely to make purchases from a company that is supportive towards society and contributes towards its betterment. This leads the company to engage in CSR activities, however, their intention still focusses on profit making (Lee Park and Lee 2013). The society also expects that the companies would operate in a fair manner and not engage in dishonest means. They also expect the organizations to produce goods as per the customer requirements and present them at an affordable price. The organizations often fail to fulfil these requirements. They are often seen to demonstrate socially irresponsible behaviours. The CSR activity relates to business ethics, however, are not synonymous with it. It is concerned with the judgments, moral behaviours, honest policies and responsible behaviours of the companies (Preuss 2012). The ethical responsibilities are a subset of the CSR activities and can be regarded as a characteristic of it. There are numerous attempts that tend to establish the relationship between ethics and CSR. The distinction between the real benefits of CSR and the motives of the company needs to be determined (Preuss 2012). It is believed that there would be improved outcomes if sufficient transparency is maintained by the companies. They usually underline the reasons for engaging in CSR in order to maintain the goodwill of the organization. The ethics is concerned with the correct and wrong perspective of the corporate activities. It is concerned with the assessment of the moral activities of a firm . The ethical responsibilities of an organization are spread across several levels such as the teams, individuals and the organizational level (Homburg Stierl and Bornemann 2013). The ethical behaviour of the company comprises of several parameters such as respect, trustworthiness, responsibility, caring attitude and fairness (Homburg Stierl and Bornemann 2013). The increased globalization of the company has also encouraged the companies to adopt a lenient approach towards business ethics (Homburg Stierl and Bornemann 2013). The organizations, either intentionally or unintentionally, focus more on the generation of revenues, rather than adhering to the moral obligations of the society. This does not mean that the companies are engaging in criminal offences, but the fine line of difference between ethics and profit has ceased to exist. The CSR is considered to be a win-win situation. The organizations are eager to make profits under the frame of societal benefits. There have been instances when there are no significant gains to the society except the advantage of the organization. The company is able to make profit by making maximum enforcement of the societal responsibilities. The studies have shown that the CSR activities present a positive image of the brand among the masses (Huang et al. 2014). It gives a good impression among the people that the company is concerned about the society. It also enhances the customer retention of the company as the customers are delighted by the initiatives of the company towards the betterment of the society. The CSR activities is responsible for the development and the enhancement of the relationships of the employee with the suppliers, customers and the suppliers (Bartkus and Morris 2015). The company gets better opportunity to recruit, retain and sustain a satisfied workforce . It is also possible to receive the tagline of Employer of Choice and enhance the brand value of the company (Bartkus and Morris 2015). The business reputation is enhanced and there is a subsequent increase in the revenues of the company. This is because of the creation of the positive image of the brand. This also gives more opportunities to the organizations for searching suitable investors. There is positive publicity of the company which attracts the potential investors (Saeed and Arshad 2012). The increased CSR activities also draws the attention of the media houses. They also help the organization in transferring the organizations message to the audiences. The CSR aids in the enhancement of the strategic philanthropy of the firm. This implies the linking of the employee activities to the human resource strategies (Saeed and Arshad 2012). It also implies the inter connection between the charitable activities with the marketing strategies of the company. It also fosters cross s ector partnerships with the major community segments. The CSR activities play a strategic role in the improvement of the organizational performance which in turn leads to greater profitability of the firm. This is achieved by the development of the organizational resources that may be tangible or intangible. The intangible resources consist of the reputational capital and social capital, which can be developed by the organizations over a period of time (Lins Servaes and Tamayo 2015). The social capital refers to the initiatives of the organizations in the creation of mutual benefits and coordination. It can be defined as an asset that is embedded in the social networks and the social relations. There can be two forms of social capital such as relational and structured (Lins Servaes and Tamayo 2015). The social capital is often compared with the organizational advantage through the creation of the trust (Laursen Masciarelli and Prencipe 2012). It can also aid in the creation of the intellectual capital and promote innovation in the organ ization. This can be achieved in the operational level by understanding the concepts of networking and other social tools. The external and internal networks provide great opportunities for the organizations for creating reliable social networks. These kind of corporate activities are beneficial for the community as there is an increase in social participation (Lins Servaes and Tamayo 2015). It also helps to create positive attitudes within the community which can be an important component in the sustainable development of the organization with the help of economic prosperity (Walter 2013). The social capital can be accumulated through the human interactions that fosters collective action. The social cohesion helps the company to build profitability. The reputational capital consists of the value creation in the stakeholders mind when they are interacting with the organization (Hond et al. 2014). The reputational capital can be used to bring in positive outcomes for the firms. The C SR is an excellent tool for the creation of reputation (Hond et al. 2014). It also provides incremental gains as the corporate image is enhanced. The increased reputational capital would also help in the recruitment of talented employees who would be willing to be a part of the organization. They would provide their best performance and would lead to satisfied customers. This would ultimately enhance the revenues of the organization that would lead to higher profitability. The CSR activity is also used as a tool for increasing the corporate domination. The CSR has the tendency to divert the attention from the real issues of the social causes and focus on the superficial issues. It cannot be denied that the corporate entities believe in the philanthropic approach (Hack Kenyon and Wood 2014). The finances they are allocating to the charities or the social activities actually belong to their shareholders. They cannot distribute the finances of the shareholders into some activities where they can perceive no potential profits. This is the reason that they want to improve their brand image. They can be looking for easy advertisement mediums, balance the pressure groups or genuinely addressing social causes, but there is always an underlying financial motive attached with it (Hack Kenyon and Wood 2014). The CSR activities enable the organizations to gain entry into the niche market segments and opt for the privatization of the social functions. This is done through proposing solutions for the environmental and social causes. The organizations understand the fact that CSR has a Unique Selling Proposition and it would appeal to the desires of the consumers. The CSR is considered as an effective Public Relation (PR) tool these days. It is believed that CSR is accredited to cover up the negative images of the organization and replacing them with the positive impacts of the credentials of the organization (Perks et al. 2013). CSR is often equivalent to a PR strategy, according to the researchers. This has often landed the company into legal battles. This was exactly the case with Nike when it faced criticism in the US Supreme Court regarding its CSR movements (Wood 2013). The activists took an attempt to sue the organizations on account of a misleading public relations campaign. There were debates regarding the legal approvals of the organizations publicity as well as public relations tools. This case poses a serious question to the corporations that if they are really concerned about the accountability and t ransparency of their CSR activities, then they would not be involved in serious legal actions (Crane Matten and Spence 2013). The issues arise when there is a mismatch of the words of the company in public and with the NGOs. The legal ruling poses difficult situation for the companies as they often come up with misleading statements in order to preserve their brand image. Conclusion The debate regarding the actual motive of CSR is continuing since a long time. Certain groups believe that the companies are engaging in ethical acts through CSR, while others believe that the only intention of CSR is concerned with the profit. It is true that the organizations, especially the multinational companies are not running for the purpose of charity. In fact, there are no business entities that do not work for profits, except the NGO, charitable trusts and similar entities. This essay gives a fair idea regarding the various aspects of the CSR and its close correlation with profits as well as ethics. The CSR activities are scanned from both these viewpoints and it is concluded that CSR is concerned more with the generation of revenues. The underlying principles of the organizations that drive them towards generation of profits are discussed. The effects of the profit making motive of the organizations along with the role of CSR are also discussed. This paper would give a bet ter understanding of the concepts of CSR in a real life scenario. References Bartkus, B.R. and Morris, S.A., 2015. Look Whos Talking: Corporate Philanthropy and Firm Disclosure.International Journal of Business and Social Research,5(1), pp.01-14. Bondy, K., Moon, J. and Matten, D., 2012. An institution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in multi-national corporations (MNCs): Form and implications.Journal of Business Ethics,111(2), pp.281-299. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context.Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context,2, pp.3-26. Hack, L., Kenyon, A.J. and Wood, E.H., 2014. A Critical Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Timeline: how should it be understood now.International Journal of Management Cases,16(4), pp.46-55. Homburg, C., Stierl, M. and Bornemann, T., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in business-to-business markets: How organizational customers account for supplier corporate social responsibility engagement.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.54-72. Hond, F., Rehbein, K.A., Bakker, F.G. and Lankveld, H.K.V., 2014. Playing on two chessboards: Reputation effects between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activity (CPA).Journal of Management Studies,51(5), pp.790-813. Huang, C.C., Yen, S.W., Liu, C.Y. and Huang, P.C., 2014. The relationship among corporate social responsibility, service quality, corporate image and purchase intention.International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online),6(3), p.68. Laursen, K., Masciarelli, F. and Prencipe, A., 2012. Regions matter: how localized social capital affects innovation and external knowledge acquisition.Organization Science,23(1), pp.177-193. Lee, E.M., Park, S.Y. and Lee, H.J., 2013. Employee perception of CSR activities: Its antecedents and consequences.Journal of business research,66(10), pp.1716-1724. Lins, K.V., Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2015. Social Capital, Trust, and Firm Performance: The Value of Corporate Social Responsibility during the Financial Crisis.European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)-Finance Working Paper, (446). Perks, K.J., Farache, F., Shukla, P. and Berry, A., 2013. Communicating responsibility-practicing irresponsibility in CSR advertisements.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1881-1888. Preuss, L., 2012. Responsibility in paradise? The adoption of CSR tools by companies domiciled in tax havens.Journal of business ethics,110(1), pp.1-14. Saeed, M.M. and Arshad, F., 2012. Corporate social responsibility as a source of competitive advantage: The mediating role of social capital and reputational capital.Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management,19(4), pp.219-232. Walter, I., 2013. The value of reputational capital and risk in banking and finance.International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance,5(1-2), pp.205-219. WANG, H. and JIANG, T., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility Analysis and Evaluation of Food Enterprise: Based on the Stakeholders Theory [J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),4, p.016. Wood, W.C., 2013. The Cost of Progress: Enduring the Tax Deductibility of International Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives.The Global Business Law Review,4(1), p.4.

Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example

Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Without missing a book bazaars that found me on the road, from time to time it manages to catch something more than curious, for a ridiculous price. This time, the result of the catch was the book Midnight, XIX century an anthology of Russian classic horror story, bought for 20 rubles. The title of the anthology will not give up in the humor, and the content in respect. So, who we wrote about maniacs, psychopaths, devilry and parallel worlds The contents represented by the following authors: Bruce, Gumilyov, Chekhov, Andreev, Sologub, Green, Garshin and Artsybashev. Quite a galaxy So far, only read the first story Now, when I woke up authored by Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov. Entertaining somnambulistic nightmare, in the spirit of Edgar Allan Poe. The protagonist the world prefers to sleep waking, where he the lord and can create any plot. However, according to him, A man in his primitive state may crave only one thing to torture yourself like our culture has imposed a curb on this natural impulse of slavery Ages brought the human soul to the belief that other peoples suffering painful to her And now people are quite sincere cry about others and feel pity them. But this is only a mirage and illusion. Thats our main character creates all sorts of abominations, preferring nightmares dreams rainbow. Through long training and techniques completely subjugates the world of sleep, makes it currently den-torture chamber, improvised ugly dwarf, a large arsenal of monstrous weapons, and a host of victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer interesting to get batch of just what amused intillegentsiya at the turn of the century: aesthetization perverse fondling romanticizing of sado-masochism, esoteric technique, the theory of the ether and astral body, narcotic indulgence. The final scene is striking in its brutality. You understand that the age of today where there is a Stephen King movie studio and Troma little surprise, but do so in the time of writing the blood more gallant, and silver? Wrote, and why not. Who, I still will remember fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm oozing blood and ichor Fans of the horror genre -. I advise. Story short and this is its advantage: ornateness authors words and muslin gromode of words no time to get bored, and served at exactly the same proportion, to enjoy Read the story of Valery Bryusov: . Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century And not only one, she gets up, but stand up and all the dead, who are so terribly felt in his solemn, cold silence. Leonid Andreyev, Silence Continuing to study the book, she could have been so wonderfully brighten boring literature lessons at school, I read a few stories of mystical. This time:. Leonid Andreev Silence, Alexander Green Murder in the Kunst-Fishe, Fedor Sologub Death at the invitation of Do not even know where to start, because . kakzhdy story requires mention. Here for example, of the Greens Murder in the Kunst-Fishe requires mention that to mention it is not really something and worth. The story, of course, good but so that no mind or heart. Place it somewhere between skanvordov heading and anecdotes. In that sense, its a fantastic amusing sketch of jealousy and revenge, nearly Othello, only instead of battering and dagger a samurai sword and a mysterious statuette We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Death to declare Fyodor Sologub -. Certainly amusing. It is known that aging bon vivant, who decided that everything in life is tried, begin to suffer all sorts of crap. Who in the club will be written suicide who entertain social experiments. Our own hero, swiping the newspaper, decided to ask for a decent fee to play in front of them show death. Those. woman reshivshayasya to take on this role must be clearly represented in the image of Death. So whether self-fulfilling, whether the actress was wonderful, or is it with the fat gone mad. The story seems to me especially enjoy the girls Gotko, because everything in it and betrays farcical atmosphere dekadantov in which young people play the beginning of the 20th century. And, in fact, we reached the gems of the trio, story Leonid Andreev Silence. Despite the fact that two other stories from the book, authored by Andreev ( Alarm and The Abyss), I was not very inspired, Silence simply stunned so frankly, so precisely, so badly loomed the drama of the story. We have a daughter o.Ignatiya languishing by unspoken angst. And with this longing, which is so not a word, and not dropped, it falls under the wheels of the train. After her daughters death his wife o.Ignatiya breaks paralysis and o.Ignaty remains immersed in this depressing, soul, silence. From the day of the funeral in a small house there was silence It was not silence, because silence -. Only the absence of sound, but it was silent, when those who are silent, it seemed, could talk, but do not want to. I would like the main character to get an answer, but not one of his. Ask my wife only a glimpse into the abyss it is already almost dead eyes, the daughter the grave did not respond, though, and O. Ignatius removed his wide-brimmed black hat, straightened his wavy hair and whispered: Vera he was embarrassed that he could hear someone outside, and stood at the tomb of Ignatius looked over the crosses was empty, and he was loudly echoed: Faith..! It was an old voice of Ignatius, dry and demanding, and it was strange that with such force expressed demand remains unanswered -.. Vera ! loud and persistently called r Olos, and when he was silent, for a moment fancied that somewhere at the bottom sounded vague answer. And on. Ignatius, once again glancing around, removed the hair from the ear and lay it to the hard, prickly turf. Faith, say and with horror felt about Ignatius, in his ear pouring something Mogilno-cold and studios brain and that Vera says -. but it says it all in the same long silence . Cold, supernatural horror seemed flows when reading these lines. Like o.Ignatiyu reader is languishing in a net of insanity, and maybe even a couple of lines, a couple of keys and the letters Andreev managed to open the gates of madness an exciting and bring to the readers mind. But regretted not unlocked the gates Alexander Green -. Murder in the Kunst-Fishe Fedor Sologub Death of an ad Leonid Andreyev Silence Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Continuing to continue reading the collection of scary stories the authors of domestic manufacture and classical excerpts, faced with a serious problem. My wife went with the child for a month on vacation. What kind of a problem for a person to read? On the contrary there are no worries about the house was lying on the couch, but read. However, in addition to the function to cause love and obazhanie, his wife is a function purely utilitarian to know where that is in the house! A book of stories sunk, whether in summer, whether for a bedside table, or been devoured by demons-socks-with-second-bottom-drawer-cabinet (I I look with suspicion on the washing machine if she is actually endowed with reason and bibliographic predatory habits?). Therefore, of the three stories of Leonid Andreyev presented in the book, I read only two: Alarm and The Abyss. I, honestly, I find the book and read the third I have a suspicion to the dresser, too happy sound of his patent leather handles Alarm -. The story about a terrible summer, when the neighborhood was played simple Russian folk pyromaniac, igniting village outside the village. In the hot and ominous summer burned all burned whole towns, villages and hamlets, woods and fields no longer have their protection:. Obediently flashed himself defenseless forest, and red cloth stretched fire on parched meadows afternoon of caustic smoke hid crimson,. dim the sun, and at night at different ends of the sky flashed a silent glow hovered in silent fantastic dance, and the strange, vague shadows of the trees and people were crawling on the ground, as the unknown bastards. Horror shown in the story its sticky, hot, oppressive terror that often haunts a man in a dream longing, the pursuit of the unknown to you, phantasmagoric atmosphere. But, the main hero of the story, going through all of this in reality. As he noticed Andreev, this story autobiographical, describes real terror experienced by the author. Trotsky, in his review of a collection of stories Andreeva, mentioned the similarity of Nabat with The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe, to me, for some reason, the general mood the story reminded Chickamauga Ambrose Bierce We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer . the abyss - the story quite well-known, stirred up after the publication of numerous discussions, something reminds me of those that caused the film the Night porter . Two lovers in the forest run up friendly company buhih vagrants craving young so beautiful body. Chevalier stun, and the girl being raped. Shocking ending of the story is credited with numerous critics are terrible necrophiliac that Andreev has thrown in the face of the reader, having stated the truth about the secret disgusting human soul even in suffering, thinking about enjoying his own. Well, perhaps this is so. And indeed the abyss from the title and the story Nietzschean, but to me personally, man prochitavschemu story on the surface the behavior of the main character seemed not at all disgusting, and quite naturally a person is in a state of shock, endeavor consider everything that happened a terrible dream, thinking that none of this it was not, and hoping to correct irreparable shaking, pressed to her lovers body, showering him with kisses and protestations of love. But maybe Im wrong and numerous generations of hereditary York Shire Terrier critics mistakes can not The overall theme of the story the clash with the human abyss. With horror, the real, but it is so great, that his mass man crushes, degrades, exposes all of its nullity and insignificance. Both stories the ideal tool for introducing themselves into a state of gloom and depression of all the senses P.S.. Links that I give you below I recommend especially since to the story of The Abyss is a lengthy commentary. Read the stories of Leonid Andreyev Nabat Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Continuing the reading collection and mysterious nightmare (not in quality, and the plot) works familiarized with two stories. The first, authored, Gumilev Black Dick (hmm, the brain itself slipped dirty translation from England movu :)), and fear Chekhov Black Dick. quite a harmless treshak, in the best tradition film studio Troma or newborn Scandinavian horror film. The plot is simple as a penny. The company a funny urban rabble feasted at the tavern. Father comes to local and all brands. Their leader the citys main bully decides to make fun of rebuke and created the charitable cause, namely to kidnap and rape a girl that lives with the mother of a hermit in the neighboring island. The whole gang decides its a wonder what a cool joke. Oh, they could, before people knew how to have fun! That young king Peter to carols loyal vassal in the ass hammered the candle and ignite, behold, Black Dick announce neighbor a witch and decides to abuse. Broad is the human soul! In defense of what times were better before, here and the fact that the science of criminology flourished even among the simple population: We saw the stained mouth and sharp white teeth, that we do not dare to admit teeth Black Dick. And you say that the fingerprintin g and opoznovanie in the teeth (dentoskopiya?) the dignity of our enlightenment century We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But the story of Anton Chekhov -. Fears much, much more interesting. If Nikolai Stepanovich, so to speak, explores the mythological, occult evil in the fact that neither has a carnal performance, the subject matter of Chekhov the fear as an emotion, like wearing harkter transcendental and quite explainable, man. No mystery, but to a mystical interpretation of their fears of the protagonist in the story no. This story could even be regarded as a mockery of the horror genre, though he, on the very fact, did not show his true inside out. Chekhov said that we are not afraid of the walking dead, but simply darkness, in which are hidden all chimeras, which is able to invent man. All the time I was living in this world, I was scared just three times. The first real fear, which made my hair and body ran goose, had their cause insignificant, but a strange thing. And, of course, beautiful language classics: The evening was quiet, warm and almost stifling, like all those monotonous evening s in July, which, once started, correct unbroken succession one after another week or two, sometimes more, and suddenly cut off by a violent thunderstorm with a luxurious, long refreshing shower Read stories:. Nikolai Gumilyov, Black Dick Anton Chekhov, fear

Team Conflict and Resolution in the Workplace

Team Conflict and Resolution in the Workplace Free Online Research Papers In today’s world individuals in the workplace are often asked to work in teams. Working in teams can be one of the best ways to find creative and innovative solutions to the complex issues of running a company. Often, teams are comprised of a variety of individuals with different cultural and emotional backgrounds. A team’s diversity can be one of its greatest assets, when understood and employed properly. However, what was intended to be a positive and, ultimately, a profitable team can be left â€Å"dead in the water† if the team is not able to communicate effectively. A solid understanding of a team’s different individual communication styles will lead to successful positive conflict resolution. People communicate in various ways. One individual in a group may use a bold direct way of communicating, while another individual in the same group may prefer a more subtle way of expressing ideas. It is important to understand that neither way is always wrong or better than the other. They are simply preferences of different individuals. Learning the communication preferences of the individual group members can be one of the most successful conflict resolution tools that a group can possess. According to Rahim, there are five different communication or conflict styles. (Gross Guerrero 2000) One style of communication is called Integrating Style. (Gross Guerrero, 2000)The individual with this style of communication faces conflict while engaging others in the resolution. For instance, this individual will try to find new and creative ways to solve a problem by making analytical statements or soliciting statements from other group members. Individuals with Integrating Style will try to find resolution to conflict by opening the lines of communication. This individual will also try to keep the team’s positive relationships intact for future group interactions. Often, people who use Integrating Style are thought of as facilitators of effective and cooperative resolutions to conflict. However, Integrating Style individuals may not be very effective when it comes to resolving production or organizational related goals. Dominating Style is another method that individuals use to communicate. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) Individuals who use this method of communication are usually very direct, aggressive and, uncooperative. Often, the individual who uses this communication style usually relies on his or her position of power to intimidate or force the desired behavior out of other team members. This style can be successful when it comes to meeting production related goals but this style is not normally very effective on a personal level. An individual who uses Dominating Style uses threats, accusations, presumptive remarks, and verbal dominance to achieve goals. Individuals who put other people’s needs before his or her own use a communication style called Obliging Style. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) Other group members often think of the individual who uses this style as very cooperative yet passive. This style is usually only effective when the individual using Obliging Style does not particularly care about the issue or conflict at hand. Obliging Style individuals usually â€Å"give in† before any major conflict arises. This method does not normally facilitate creative group collaboration. When a person uses Obliging Style he or she does not normally reach his or her individual goals, which could cause that individual to feel edgy or ignored. Another style that individuals use to communicate is called Avoiding Style. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) The individual who uses Avoiding Style withdraws either physically or emotionally from the conflict. Often, this individual will use variety of methods to avoid or deny the conflict, such as, making irrelevant remarks, jokes, changing the topic, or by being indirect. This communication method can be very frustrating to other members of the group who want to converse and discuss problems openly. Quite often, when individuals are not able to communicate their actions become increasingly withdrawn and cold. However, this interaction method can be very successful when it comes to conflict that cannot seem to be resolved to either party’s satisfaction and discussing the issue further only makes matters worse. The last communication style, according to Rahim, is called Compromising Style. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) Finding â€Å"middle ground† and offering quick, short-term solutions are typical behaviors for individuals with Compromising Style. Other group members often perceive the individual with this style as reasonably accommodating and direct. However, using Compromising Style usually means that most or some of the individual’s needs are met, but certainly, not all. Yet, compromise can be one of the best solutions to conflict when neither party can join forces in creating a solution that satisfies each of his or her needs. With an understanding of these various communication or conflict styles individuals can recognize the typical methods used by the different members of the team. Recognizing the different individual’s communication or conflict resolution styles leads to understanding and can also maximize the group’s problem-solving effectiveness. (Broome, DeTurk, Kristjansdottir, 2002) If the people within the group know what individuals are most likely to use particular styles of communication or conflict resolution, then, when conflicts arise it will easy to tell which individual within the team has the most appropriate method for that particular problem. Of course, each problem or conflict is different. Therefore, the most appropriate method of communication can be different depending on the problem at hand. For example, an individual with Dominating Style and an individual with Avoiding Style might not be the best team in terms of partnership and integration of ideas. While, an ind ividual with Compromising Style and an individual with Obliging Style are more likely to combine ideas and achieve the majority of the goals for each individual. Without an understanding of effective communication, teams are often unable to solve conflict, capitalize on individual team member’s communication strengths, or comprehend communication weaknesses. The various communication styles discussed can be an excellent tool for teams. The understanding of communication methods can help members within a group recognize their own tendencies as well as the inclinations of other team members. It is through a knowledge and understanding of positive communication that teams will have the ability to effectively resolve conflicts and, ultimately, be a successful team. References (2000). The Eight â€Å"Cs† of Good Communications. The Canadian Manager, Volume 25, Issue 3. Retrieved on October 29, 2006, from ProQuest database. Broome, J., DeKurk, Sara., Kristjansdottir, Erla S., Kanata, Tami., Ganesan, Puvana. (2002). Giving Voice to Diversity: An Interactive Approach to Conflict Management Decision-Making in Culturally Diverse Work Environments. Journal of Business Management, Volume 25, Issue 3. Retrieved on October 29, 2006, from ProQuest database. Gross, Michael A., Guerrero, Laura K., (2000). Managing Conflict Appropriately Effectively: An Application of the Competence Model to Rahim’s Organizational Conflict Styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, Volume 11, Issue 3. Retrieved on October 29, 2006, from ProQuest database. Temme, Jim., Katzel, Jeanine. (1995) Calling a Team a Team Doesn’t Mean That it is: Successful Teamwork Must be a way of Life. Plant Engineering, Volume 49, Number 1. Research Papers on Team Conflict and Resolution in the WorkplaceThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

What Competitive Strategy Coca Cola Should Adopt to Develop Business Dissertation - 1

What Competitive Strategy Coca Cola Should Adopt to Develop Business Expansions in China - Dissertation Example has released new bottling operations in China with plans of expanding its business. The company has commitments towards the country for investing in further growth in â€Å"one of the world’s largest and fastest growing beverage markets† (Guinness, 2011, p.166). The beverage market in China is known to be one of the most vibrant markets in the country. Monnikhof and Kranenberg (2000) had presented facts that around 48 percent of the populations are regular consumers of beverages in China (Alon, 2003, p.151). However, the country has other popular beverage companies as well like the Wahaha Future Cola or Wahaha Extreme Cola that pose competition for the Coca-Cola Company (Zhang & Alon, 2011, p.287). Globalization and the increasing competition in the current business world reflect the growth and development of different businesses and their expansion across different countries. The beverage industry is one of the largest industries in the world. The Coca-Cola Company being one of the leading companies in the world’s beverage industry, a research on their business strategies would help in an understanding of how leading companies create and maintain their position in their own countries as well as in other countries through expansions. China’s beverage industry reflects a huge market, particularly for large companies like the Coca-Cola Company. ... e business strategy for the company that may help the company in developing its business expansion in China and maintain its position above and over its competitors 2. Rationale of the Study: Globalization and the increasing competition in the current business world reflect the growth and development of different businesses and their expansion across different countries. The beverage industry is one of the largest industries in the world. The Coca-Cola Company being one of the leading companies in the world’s beverage industry, a research on their business strategies would help in an understanding of how leading companies create and maintain their position in their own countries as well as in other countries through expansions. China’s beverage industry reflects a huge market, particularly for large companies like the Coca-Cola Company. The company has its operations in China but the growing competitions and other internal and external factors may affect the successful expansion plans of the company. The rationale of the study is in the learning and understanding of the competitive business strategies of a leading beverage company that may benefit the expansion of the company in the China market. In the modern world of increased globalization, there is a need to learn the theories and concepts followed by large companies to have a view on the strategies necessary to keep up a position of a company in the industry among its competitor companies. This study would be focused on the Coca-Cola Company that already has its operations in the China market and would look for further expansions to which the company has the requirement of innovative and competitive strategies that would keep its position above its competitors. Hence, this study is rational in the context that

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - President's Doctrine Assignment

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - President's Doctrine - Assignment Example Without the support of Great Britain, neither Greece nor Turkey could survive the Soviet attack. Policy makers in the U.S were aware of the instability in this region and feared that if Turkey gave in to the pressures from the Soviets, Greece’s position will be threatened and that Turkey itself would not survive for long in the event that Greece succumbs to communism. The strategic importance of the stability Greece and Turkey to the U.S cannot be undermined since their fall would mean geographically strengthening of the Soviet Union’s ability to end friendly supply chains in times of war. According to the U.S Undersecretary of state Dean Acheson, the U.S had more at stake if either Greece or Turkey was to fall. The spread of communism would be far and wide reaching as far as India to the east and Iran to the south. Such fears are what influenced Truman’s administration to redefine American Foreign policy (McGhee, 2006). Discussion The withdrawal of Great Britain ’s financial aid to both Greece and Turkey, the suspected interference of Soviet in Turkish and Greek affairs and the dwindling relationship between the U.S and the Soviet Union is what influenced President Truman’s administration decision of reorienting the U.S foreign policy. ... This then came to be known as the â€Å"Truman’s Doctrine† and was subsequently adopted by the Congress and is what shaped Americas foreign policy (Merrill, 2006). Truman considered a Communist victory in Greece to not only undermine the political stability in Turkey but would also endanger the political stability in the Middle East. He argued that the U.S national security depended not only on its territorial security but also on the containment of the Soviet authoritarianism forcible expansion into independent, free nations. The United States reoriented foreign policy based on Truman’s doctrine now meant that it would actively help in preserving the political independence and integrity of â€Å"free people’s† as far such assistance was in the best interest of the U.S. According to Truman, the U.S needed to avail$400 million worth of assistance to both the Turkish and Greek Governments and help in the sending of equipment, U.Smilitary and civilian personnel to the region. This doctrine was the first among several containment measures of dealing with domino effect of communism (Merrill, 2006). The U.S government then embarked on restoring the economies of Western Europe countries as a communism containment measure. To do this, the â€Å"Marshall Plan†also known as Economic Cooperation Actwas established on June 5, 1947 and became operational in April 1948. Through this plan, the U.S was to give financial aid to assist in the reconstruction of the war-torn regions and help in industrial modernization. The Marshal plan was a huge success and was replaced in 1951 by the â€Å"Mutual Security Plan†. The U.S policy makers were knew that nations across Europe could

Learning Outcome Peg Feeding Nursing Essay

Learning Outcome Peg Feeding Nursing Essay In this reflective essay I am going to discuss a learning outcome in which I have become competent to practice. To reflect on my learning outcome I am going to use Gibbs reflective model (1988). The Gibbs reflective model is a well known and used model in reflective practice. It consists six steps which I will describe step by step as my essay will progress. In the nursing care process it is a responsibility of a nurse to provide holistic care to the patient who is under our care. Our focus is to enable them to cope, prevent, solve or alleviate the problem from which they are suffering and not able to carry out their normal life. Our aim is to help and teach patients how to meet their daily needs in other ways. The learning outcome I have chosen to reflect is PEG feeding which is an alternative way to provide nutrition to a patient who is not able to obtain nutrition through the mouth. The first step of Gibbs reflective cycle is a description of the event. One service user in my placement area whom I will call Mrs. P to maintain her confidentiality (NMC 2008) is suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy, a condition in which as the condition progresses patient losses abilities i.e. Swallowing, speech, maintaining balance, eye movement. As a result of this condition she developed dysphagia and it was not possible to maintain her nutrition via oral intake. Thus, multidisciplinary team and family decided to place her on PEG feeding. PEG tube is more appropriate than nasogastric tube for long term feeding as it avoids delays in feeding and discomfort associated with displacement (National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care 2006). During my placement one of the nurses asks me to go and give her water through the PEG tube. Although I did it before in my country I was familiar with it but I didnt practice for a long time and as I have seen the condition of Mrs. P. I wasnt confident to carry out the task. I discussed it with my mentor and we decide that I can take it as a learning outcome during my training to make myself competent with PEG feeding skill. As I am going into the second stage of Gibbs reflective model (1988) in which I will discuss about my thoughts and feelings. When the nurse asked me to give the water via PEG tube, at first I was feeling myself stupid to ask for help thinking that what impression I will make on that nurse. This feeling came into my mind as a result of a thought that I am a registered nurse in my country so I should know this. But I lost my confidence when I went in Mrs.Ps room and observed her condition i.e. Slurring speech, problem with balance, mobility problem and pain in her neck. So I decide to ask the nurse to perform the task and I also observed it. While she was giving her feed, I found that she was coughing a lot and wasnt comfortable. Which I thought was due to her position and the nurse explained me and justify my thought that it is because of her condition. I was not satisfied with her explanations and as a supervised practice nurse I wasnt able to oppose her. I decide to read more about the PEG feeding and discussed it with my mentor. The third stage of the Gibbs model (1988) of reflection is an evaluation which requires the practitioner to consider the good and bad things about the event. The patient should be positioned where the patient can sit up as much as possible in a supported midline position (Dougherty and lister 2008) while giving PEG feeding. The nurse who gave feeding didnt correct Mrs. Ps position as she was in a semi upright position. Furthermore, before starting and at the end of the feeding, she didnt clean the tip of the tube. The tip of the tube should be cleaned daily with water and a small brush (Loser et al.2005). However, the good practice I observed that nurse informed the procedure to Mrs. P which is important according to the NMC (2008) to make her understand the procedure and give her consent. In addition, to avoid tube adhering to the stoma skin rotate it 360 degree (Bumpers et al, 2003). The other important thing my mentor discussed with me was administration of medication through the PEG tube. According to BAPEN (2003a), never add medication directly to the eternal feed to avoid interaction between medicine and feed and flush the tube after administration to avoid tube blockage. During the discussion about PEG feeding with my mentor I found that other things to consider with PEG feedings are management of the tube, patient position and checks to carry out before feed and it is very important to avoid complications. In my placement area only Mrs. P has got PEG tube. So my mentor discussed with me that there are many indications for PEG tube insertion according to the patients conditions so it is important to learn about the specific needs of that patient before performing the procedure. She discussed some scenario cases with me to understand more about it. This helped me to understand different aspects of the PEG tube The next stage of the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) is an analysis of the event where reflector has to make sense of the event. I will analyze it by exploring the skill and looking into the evidence. The PEG feeding is a method of giving nutrients to maintain an optimal nutritional support (National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care 2006). Clinical trials have proven that there are very rare complications with PEG tubes, such as leakage (Riera et al. 2002). Through evaluation of this event I have been competent to give PEG feeding and care of the tube. The reasons for Mrs. Ps coughing explained by the nurse was from her daily experience working with her which could be right but what I found from the references was different and evidence based. So I learned from experience and through experience (Burnard 2002). It has boosted my confidence to challenge others views regarding my practice. According to stage five of Gibbs model (1988), I conclude from that every nurse does not find the same evidence based reasons for the problem but if I am practicing safe and based on evidence then my practice is safe. In the future I will make sure that I am confident and competent to perform the task and have evidence based explanation of the situations. From this particular learning outcome I have learned about a PEG feeding procedure and the care of the PEG tube The last stage of Gibbs reflective model (1988) is the action plan. My action plan for the future practice is to read more references and literatures regarding PEG feeding. There will be many different conditions regarding PEG tube in my future practice so it is necessary for me to look for more information on this particular subject to make myself excel. I also request my mentor to book me for a study day to learn more about this skill.

Character of Nicholas in Chaucer’s Miller’s Tale Essay

Nicholas, with his outrageous sense of humour and eager pursuit of love, functions as the charming, likeable hero in Miller’s Tale. He is introduced as â€Å"hende Nicholas†, and his conduct does not at all answer to the usual sense of the adjective which implies great courtesy, but its suggestion of approval is repeatedly invoked as the Miller refers to his hero by this formula. We learn at once that he is knowledgeable and of his interest in astrology. This is seen as a respectable branch of learning, but Nicholas is aware of its power to impress others, while he is able to supplement his income by weather-forecasting. He is also helped financially by friends. The imaginary flood of which Nicholas tells John shows us his cunning, his confident attitude, his inventiveness and especially his contempt for the stupid tradesman: ‘Don’t worry about that,’ said Nicholas, / ‘His time’s been badly wasted, if a scholar / Can’t get the bet ter of a carpenter.’ (lines 191-193) In spite of this, however, the Miller presents the astrologer in a way that makes the audience like Nicholas. He does this by making John seem deserving of punishment for his unwise marriage and subsequent jealousy. Nicholas’s youth and attractiveness makes us less critical of his boldness, and the comic manner of the tale’s telling makes his conduct seem less worthy of censure than would be the case with real people. Nicholas seems a more appropriate partner for Alison than does John, and the Miller’s repetition of the formula â€Å"hende Nicholas† encourages us to be more sympathetic. However, it is important to note that Nicholas does not escape his daring plan without any consequences. His over-confidence and lack of prudence earn him a punishment appropriate to his offence, and in keeping with the farcical spirit of the tale he is â€Å"scalded in the towte† by his rival, who mistakes him for Alison. Thus, Nicholas may be the character that has the audience rooting for him by being likeable and providing good laughs, but his charming yet arrogant attitude does not prevent him from suffering the consequences of his actions. The Canterbury Tales [Oxford guides to Chaucer]. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

An Analogy of a plan cell to a country nucleus/governement/primie minister/parliament house- they are the control centre of the city or cell. They both control what goes on in the city or cell. the nucleus contains all the DNA or important information, of the whole cell. it is the control centre and it gives out orders that the cells have to carry out. the president in a country know it's important information, he gives out laws that have to be carried out by the people and leads the country mitochondria-power plant- this is the ‘powerhouse' of the cell or city.The mitochondria and the power plant both provide the energy for the city or cell to use. mitochondria breaks down food molecules and convert them to energy for cells. power plant generate and supply energy for the country. Cell Membrane/national security, military, Border Security- the Cell membrane or police/ Border Security controls entry of what goes in and out of the cell or city Vacuole/ Stores/warehouses+ water tr eatment plant + Garbage dump- a vacuole can contain many different types of fluids in it and it also has many different functions. You can read also Thin Film Solar CellThe vacuole can be a storage room which contain fluids and material solutions like plant pigments. It has can also be a garbage dump which contains its wastes. Furthermore the vacuole can be a water tower which stores water in it. vacuoles store materials for the cell. stores around the country. it stores necessay materials such as food and clothes for people Ribosomes/ Food producing factory (protein factory)- the ribosomes and food producing factory are both where the production of proteins occur. ribosomes produce protein from information from the dna given by the nucleus. restuarnts cook and give out food that contain proteinEndoplasmic Reticulum/ highways, roads and vehicles traveling them- the transport of substances within cells or cities occur through these. it assembles materials and export them from the cell. companies that trade and export materials from the country also may package and prepare them to be sent of . Golgi Apparatus/ Foo d Packaging Company- the Golgi Apparatus and Food Packaging Company both package materials for export. Chloroplasts/ Solar power panels- the chloroplast and the solar power panels both can capture the radiant energy of sunlight and transform it into useable energy.

Accounting Scandals. ENRON, WORLDCOM - 1894 Words

ENRON Enron shocked the world from being â€Å"America’s most innovative company† to America s biggest corporate bankruptcy at its time. At its peak, Enron was America s seventh largest corporation. Enron gave the illusion that it was a steady company with good revenue but that was not the case, a large part of Enron’s profits were made of paper. This was made possible by masterfully designed accounting and morally questionable acts by traders and executives. Deep debt and surfacing information about hiding losses gave the company big problems and in the late 2001 Enron declared bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron†¦show more content†¦Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged the company with massive accounting fraud and quickly obtained court order barring the company from destroying financial records, limiting its payments to past and current executives, and requiring an independent monitor. Hearings were held by the House Committee on Financial Services on July 8th and by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 30th. Several company officials have been indicted. The fundamental economic problem confronting WorldCom is the vast oversupply in the Nation’s telecommunications capacity, a byproduct of overly optimistic projections of Internet growth. WorldCom and other telecommunications firms faced reduced demand as the dot–com boom ended and the economy entered recession. Their revenues have fallen short of expectations, while the debt they took on to finance expansion remains high. As the stock market value of these firms has plunged, corporate management has had a powerful incentive to engage in accounting practices that conceal bad news. The Accounting Maneuver In its June 25th statement, WorldCom admitted that the company had classified over $3.8 billion in payments for line costs as capital expenditures rather than current expenses. Line costs are what WorldCom pays other companies for using their communications networks; they consist principally of access fees and transport charges for messages for WorldCom customers. Reportedly, $3.055